Jim Keravala is CEO and chief architect of OffWorld, which he co-founded to build AI-powered swarms of autonomous robots for mining and heavy industry, first on Earth and eventually on the Moon and Mars. OffWorld's robot line, including the Surveyor, Excavator, Collector, Hauler, and Dozer, targets extreme environments in mining, construction, and infrastructure. The Pasadena, California company has partnered with Anglo American, BHP, Saudi Arabia's Ma'aden, NASA, and the Luxembourg Space Agency. Keravala traces his focus on expanding industry beyond Earth to a childhood interest in Malthusian resource limits.